Grey-capped Woodpecker versus Sunda Woodpecker

The gist of bird watching from the very beginning is all about identifying accurately the birds we see. Some even went a step further by studying their poo/pellets. Bird watching is also unlike looking for "pikachu"/"pokemon".  We do not have any apps to look for the birds especially those called vagrants. In identifying the birds we see, there are several methods which one could use. Some do it by taking notes, some thru sketching while some just rely on their photographic memory. I usually use photographic evidence and then compare the info with some well established field guides. Of course at times, i would still refer the info to the birding experts/gurus. That way ones' sightings can be more accurate and credible. Scientific evidence like MtDNA analysis would be the final frontier in confirming them especially the more difficult ones but that is beyond the means for most of us and is time consuming for citizen science.

Recently while on a usual bird watching trip up north, i came across what i believe could be two Grey-capped Woodpeckers or what locals called them "Belatuk Kecil Ubun Kelabu" (Allen J & A. Pearson, 2012). The location of sighting was on an almost dead tree near the town of Semiling. To differentiate them from the quite similar "Sunda Woodpecker", i have relied on these two prominent features:

i) Grey Crown

ii) Absence of / less distinctive dark malar stripe

The crown is black but it is certainly not brownish for a Sunda Woodpecker. Here you can also noticed that the malar strip is not as distinctive as in a Sunda Woodpecker.

Here are more photos showing its prominent features:

As compared to 'Sunda Pygmy Woodpecker', its overall colors are darker even when in bright daylight.

The taxonomy status of this woodpecker species is still in the state of flux. Currently it has 3 scientific names given:
i) Dendrocopus canicapillus ii) Picoides canicapillus & iii) Yungipicus canicapillus

HBW and BirdLife International apparently uses # (ii).

Notice its eyes which are either half close or totally shut when it is pecking.

Finally you get to see its grey cap:

Time to go:

Oh yes, the first two photos above was actually a different individual.  Certainly difficult to tell them apart.

Happy Birding !

Peculiar Behavior of Aerodramus Swiflets

Introduction

The study of natural history or life sciences unlike Engineering or IoTs courses involves many hours in the field. Some even took years like Alfred Russel Wallace before they can really understand Natures' behavior. The good thing about this (i.e spending your free time with Nature) is that you can understand or discover some moments which your books, field guides, teachers or sifus will not be able to tell you. Recently i came across what i believe was a very peculiar feeding behavior of some 'Aerodramus Swiflets' or locally named 'Burung Layang Layang' or 'Burung Walit' in Indon.

Observation

According to the field guides, there are several "Aerodramus Swiflets" which can be found in this region. From the common Germain's Swiflets and 'Edible-Nest Swiflets' to the less common 'Himalayan Swiflet'. While on a casual birding trip (up North) in December 2016, i came across some swiflets flying over head. While taking some photos of them i noticed one photo which appears kinda different from the rest. Have a look below:

Image 1: 9.02am

You may have also probably seen or photographed a swift with a bulge at its throat area like the one above. I have also read comments from birders who thought that it could be some kind of a "growth" (a diseased bird !). Initially i have the same thoughts but after seeing a few other swiftlets having similar features, it aroused my curiosity to investigate further. I went on to snap a few more photographs of the swiflets to compare their images. The result of the comparison produced some astonishing discoveries ! Have a look at the photos below of other swiftlets with similar feature which were taken at different intervals on the same day of observation:

Image 2: 9.19am

Image 3: 9.42am

Image 4: 9.48am

Image 5: 9.50am

Image 6: 9.54am

Image 7: 10.02am

Discussion

All the above photos depict different individuals. Most of them have some bulging throat except the birds in image 6 and 7 while the bird in image 4 has the largest bulge. They were all seen flying just above some secondary jungle behind a housing estate in Kedah, West Peninsular Malaysia. You may have also noticed that there were different sizes of bulge which appears smaller in the later morning as shown in image 6 and 7. Most of the swiflets have dispersed from the sky by 11.00am. This incidental discovery have raised the following questions that needed further investigation:

i) Did these swiftlets intentionally kept their food inside their throat while slowly devouring them in flight?

ii) Did they kept their food inside their throat so that they can bring it back to feed their fledgling in the nest?

iii) Was this phenomenon universal or was it just a one-off event?

Summary

Image 8: a swift having its meal (a butterfly) in flight

From the above observation, there is no doubt that these swiflets are not diseased birds. As swiflets were known  as insectivorous and consumed their meal in flight, there is a high possibility that these swiftlets might have kept their food in their throat. The smaller size bulge towards the later morning could be due to the lack of airborne insects as the day gets hotter or they may have consumed them. So far i have not been able to find any accounts and literature discussing such behavior in the internet todate. Could this be a new discovery which may one day prove a valuable data of a scientific significance? Only time will tell ! I hope more birders can report their findings (if any) so that this observation can be further validated.

....until then 'HAPPY BIRDING' !

Note: finally i found some info on the above feeding behavior which vindicated my observation and answered all the above questions. Here is the info taken from RSPB website:

"As the bird is hunting, insects are collected in the back of the throat in a special food pouch and bound together with saliva into a ball called a bolus, which is periodically eaten or taken to the nest. These food balls can contain thousands of insects"

Amazing !