The Importance of Conservation - A Birder's Perspective

BirdLife International had so far identified over 12,000 sites of international significance for birds across the globe as Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA). However only 40% or less of those areas are reported to be formally protected. Why are bird issues so important ? It is not because we are birders but conservation is all about birds as well as the people of which they are associated to.

Birds depend on their habitats which in turn depend on the way which we treat our environment or natural resources. Migratory birds especially waders / shore birds life span depends much on their survival during migration. They often make long distance flights from/to their wintering grounds and would made multiple stops during their migration (especially the small-bodied shorebirds). These multiple stop areas or at times what we call "staging areas" or "refuel stations" are the keys to their survival. Depleting inter-tidal mudflats would mean less place to rest and little food to feed on during their migration. Eventually it may lead to the reduction of the birds' population. 

Red-Necked Stint - taking off

Declining bird population in turn means that there are no marine life in those areas which also means that the area may not have many fishes for human to eat as well. Local fishermen would then need bigger boats to venture further out to the sea. That would potentially mean higher cost and more pricey tuna sandwiches ! 

Dwindling catch perhaps ?

These are very fresh fishes but their numbers can be more.

The conservation of these staging areas actually has a lot to do with the way we live as well as our ability to inform and influence the policy makers, the stakeholders and the broader public. Competing demands on coastal lands, economic priorities, attitude towards conservation, state legislation etc make shorebird conservation a real challenge as most conservationist would attest.

Broad-billed Sandpiper

Terek Sandpiper

So where do we go from here? Perhaps we can start with the local fishermen ! Why fishermen? I would consider them as the 'Guardian of IBAs' or the 'First Line of Defence for conservation' ! "Human are beings of social so therefore we must interact with each other in the name of conservation". When fishermen understand the importance of conservation works, they will in turn begun to embrace the spirit of conservation as part of their life.

I have met several fishermen on my usual birding/fishing trips and was delighted to know that they are aware of the presence of these waders or what the locals here named them as "burung hijrah". They were amazed with the sound of the birds made when flying in a group and some of them even told me that when the birds arrived here it was through the Northern Winds (autumn migration) and they would follow the Southern Winds ('angin selatan') on their way back (Spring migration). Take it from the local fishermen who did not attend college at all.

Whimbrel

Eurasian Curlew

The Present and Future of Conservation

So where does the future holds for the waders? In order to carry out a sensible environmental assessment or what we call 'feasibility study' in business and to sustain any conservation efforts, benchmarking, learning and emulating the best environment practices is the way forward, i believe. How much success is probably down to the willingness to persevere and to constantly fine tuned this best approach. It would be a colossal effort. The 11th Malaysia Plan is coming to an end soon (2016 to 2020). Perhaps RMK 12th will place greater emphasis on the conservation of its natural resources and strengthening our resilience against climate change, pollution etc.

The Australian model on conservation of its wetlands can potentially be one of those best practices which can be emulated in many countries. Their 'local-to-global' approach works on the premise that local people (example fishermen/farmers) are engaged to work for nature in their own backyards but is still connected nationally and internationally through a global partnership. Apparently Malaysia is a member of the 'East Asian-Australasian Flyway Partnership" (EAAFP) since 2012.

"Conservation Without Borders" is the way to go!

HAPPY BIRDING !

Grey-capped Woodpecker versus Sunda Woodpecker

The gist of bird watching from the very beginning is all about identifying accurately the birds we see. Some even went a step further by studying their poo/pellets. Bird watching is also unlike looking for "pikachu"/"pokemon".  We do not have any apps to look for the birds especially those called vagrants. In identifying the birds we see, there are several methods which one could use. Some do it by taking notes, some thru sketching while some just rely on their photographic memory. I usually use photographic evidence and then compare the info with some well established field guides. Of course at times, i would still refer the info to the birding experts/gurus. That way ones' sightings can be more accurate and credible. Scientific evidence like MtDNA analysis would be the final frontier in confirming them especially the more difficult ones but that is beyond the means for most of us and is time consuming for citizen science.

Recently while on a usual bird watching trip up north, i came across what i believe could be two Grey-capped Woodpeckers or what locals called them "Belatuk Kecil Ubun Kelabu" (Allen J & A. Pearson, 2012). The location of sighting was on an almost dead tree near the town of Semiling. To differentiate them from the quite similar "Sunda Woodpecker", i have relied on these two prominent features:

i) Grey Crown

ii) Absence of / less distinctive dark malar stripe

The crown is black but it is certainly not brownish for a Sunda Woodpecker. Here you can also noticed that the malar strip is not as distinctive as in a Sunda Woodpecker.

Here are more photos showing its prominent features:

As compared to 'Sunda Pygmy Woodpecker', its overall colors are darker even when in bright daylight.

The taxonomy status of this woodpecker species is still in the state of flux. Currently it has 3 scientific names given:
i) Dendrocopus canicapillus ii) Picoides canicapillus & iii) Yungipicus canicapillus

HBW and BirdLife International apparently uses # (ii).

Notice its eyes which are either half close or totally shut when it is pecking.

Finally you get to see its grey cap:

Time to go:

Oh yes, the first two photos above was actually a different individual.  Certainly difficult to tell them apart.

Happy Birding !

Peculiar Behavior of Aerodramus Swiflets

Introduction

The study of natural history or life sciences unlike Engineering or IoTs courses involves many hours in the field. Some even took years like Alfred Russel Wallace before they can really understand Natures' behavior. The good thing about this (i.e spending your free time with Nature) is that you can understand or discover some moments which your books, field guides, teachers or sifus will not be able to tell you. Recently i came across what i believe was a very peculiar feeding behavior of some 'Aerodramus Swiflets' or locally named 'Burung Layang Layang' or 'Burung Walit' in Indon.

Observation

According to the field guides, there are several "Aerodramus Swiflets" which can be found in this region. From the common Germain's Swiflets and 'Edible-Nest Swiflets' to the less common 'Himalayan Swiflet'. While on a casual birding trip (up North) in December 2016, i came across some swiflets flying over head. While taking some photos of them i noticed one photo which appears kinda different from the rest. Have a look below:

Image 1: 9.02am

You may have also probably seen or photographed a swift with a bulge at its throat area like the one above. I have also read comments from birders who thought that it could be some kind of a "growth" (a diseased bird !). Initially i have the same thoughts but after seeing a few other swiftlets having similar features, it aroused my curiosity to investigate further. I went on to snap a few more photographs of the swiflets to compare their images. The result of the comparison produced some astonishing discoveries ! Have a look at the photos below of other swiftlets with similar feature which were taken at different intervals on the same day of observation:

Image 2: 9.19am

Image 3: 9.42am

Image 4: 9.48am

Image 5: 9.50am

Image 6: 9.54am

Image 7: 10.02am

Discussion

All the above photos depict different individuals. Most of them have some bulging throat except the birds in image 6 and 7 while the bird in image 4 has the largest bulge. They were all seen flying just above some secondary jungle behind a housing estate in Kedah, West Peninsular Malaysia. You may have also noticed that there were different sizes of bulge which appears smaller in the later morning as shown in image 6 and 7. Most of the swiflets have dispersed from the sky by 11.00am. This incidental discovery have raised the following questions that needed further investigation:

i) Did these swiftlets intentionally kept their food inside their throat while slowly devouring them in flight?

ii) Did they kept their food inside their throat so that they can bring it back to feed their fledgling in the nest?

iii) Was this phenomenon universal or was it just a one-off event?

Summary

Image 8: a swift having its meal (a butterfly) in flight

From the above observation, there is no doubt that these swiflets are not diseased birds. As swiflets were known  as insectivorous and consumed their meal in flight, there is a high possibility that these swiftlets might have kept their food in their throat. The smaller size bulge towards the later morning could be due to the lack of airborne insects as the day gets hotter or they may have consumed them. So far i have not been able to find any accounts and literature discussing such behavior in the internet todate. Could this be a new discovery which may one day prove a valuable data of a scientific significance? Only time will tell ! I hope more birders can report their findings (if any) so that this observation can be further validated.

....until then 'HAPPY BIRDING' !

Note: finally i found some info on the above feeding behavior which vindicated my observation and answered all the above questions. Here is the info taken from RSPB website:

"As the bird is hunting, insects are collected in the back of the throat in a special food pouch and bound together with saliva into a ball called a bolus, which is periodically eaten or taken to the nest. These food balls can contain thousands of insects"

Amazing !

Birding in Mount Kinabalu National Park - Dec 2016

Introduction

Mount Kinabalu has long been heralded as one of the best birding site for montane birds in this region. My day finally came on 15 December 2016 as i took a lone trip up to this mountain with only one aim i.e to see as many birds as i can within 4 - 5 hours of birding time. For your comfort, it is advisable to rent a car which is only around RM130.00 to RM180.00 per day (i.e depending on the type of vehicle you drive). All you need is a valid driving license, some sense of direction and a good cup of tea/coffee.

According to the folklore, the name "Kinabalu" actually came from the word "Nabalu". In fact you can find a town called "Pekan Nabalu" in Kundasang on your way up to the mountain. It was believed that a widow who is so aggrieved that she has turned herself into a mountain and local folks here believed that her tears can still be seen from this mountain until today. Aside from this legendary tale, Mount Kinabalu has a rich biodiversity that some of its birds can only be found here and no where else!

The above photo was taken from Pondok Timpohon (Timpohon Gate) which is about 1,866 meters asl. What a magnificent view!

Getting ready to summit.

Here are some potters getting ready to bring up food rations to "Laban Rata Resthouse' which is supposed to be a "base camp" before the final ascend to the summit. Its another 4 km from the 'base camp' to the summit as i was informed. These potters were mainly young adults. I did saw a lady potter as well among the crowd. There were hardly any climbers around as they would have probably hiked up by the time i arrived at the gate. The potters don't look that stocky but they are certainly as tough as a nail ! Just look at their calf muscle which developed from climbing up and down at least 1 - 2 times a day for some. 

The Beginning of My Birding Adventure (Timpohon Gate)

I started birding at 8.15am literally from Timpohon Gate. Due to time constraint i have only concentrated on 3 main trails i.e "Liwagu", "Bukit Ular" and "Silau Silau". Weather was cloudy with some sun rays shining thru occasionally in between them. It was indeed a pleasant weather with temperature around 20 - 22 Celsius in the early hours of the morning. I guess i was very lucky as it did rained in this mountain just a few days before.

Bornean Whistling Thrush

This was the first range restricted endemic bird which came out to greet me. It hop and hop towards a certain direction as if it wish to show me something. I followed the bird and indeed it lead me to my first trail of the trip - the "Liwagu Trail" ! I spent close to 2.5 hours at this place. In fact most of the birds seen in this trip were spotted at this location.

The markings says the trail is 5.620 meters to the HQ. Sure or not ? Most current information states that Mount Kinabalu is only about 4,095 meters / 13,435 feet asl.  I birded the trail to about 400 to 500 meters below which reminded me of the "Pine Tree Trail" of Fraser's Hill. Climbing up the trail was another story - i nearly fainted. Here are some of the birds which i have manage to photographed along this trail as i panted away while some "smoke" can be seen coming out from my mouth:

Bornean Treepie

This is a montane bird which can be found only in Borneo.

I believe the above bird is also a Bornean Treepie.

Bornean Whistling Thrush

This is probably the same individual which lead me down the trail. Its flight was abrupt and it did not whistle at all. Despite all the description given by the books, its overall plumage looks dark in most photographs. It is clearly distinguishable from the "Malaysian Whistling Thrush" which appear more bluish (feathers) and yellow (bill).

You can clearly see its hooked bill which is used to get worms and insects from the forest litters as reported by some books and literature.

Yellow-breasted Warbler

This warbler can also be found in Fraser's Hills but over here it was much easier.

Bornean Mountain Whistler

This "Bornean Mountain Whistler" is another range restricted endemic bird. What a great opportunity to spot this bird !

Here is another bird which can only be found in this region:

Chestnut-crested Yuhina

It appears like the population of  "Chestnut-crested Yuhina" is more than the above "Mountain Whistler" (as observed).

There were also some Peninsular Malaysia birds seen here:

Temminck's Sunbird

Blyth's Shrike Babbler

The existence of a few Peninsular Malaysia birds in Borneo may have supported the theory that Borneo was once part of a supercontinent (pangaea) which eventually broke up during the late Mesozoic period.

An experience birder who is familiar with this area reckoned that this flycatcher was a female 'Pale Blue". Looks good to me as well.

Any objections?

The Bukit UlarTrail

I begin my descent at 11.00am and the next trail i came across is the "Bukit Ular Trail". This trail reminded me of the "Bishop Trail' in Fraser's Hill.  It was quite steep at some places and slippery as well. Probably due to the overnight showers. I only went about 50 meters inside the trail. Due to its thick vegetation and dense canopy, photographing birds can be a challenged inside this trail.

Bornean Mountain Squirrel

Looks more like the Ssp: Dreamomys everetti?

Here is another mystery bird:

Could this be a Sunda Cuckoo / Banded Bay Cuckoo?

The bird below is more distinguishable:

Sunda Bush Warbler

Its buffish brow and pale legs are diagnostic and should separate it from the more elusive "Friendly Bush Warbler".

Thanks mate for showing your butt !

This Bornean Whistling Thrush was not calling but was seen expelling some things from its throat (as observed).

Some birds can be seen from the road side as well.

I think the bird above could just be a female mountain leaf warbler although a male Black-sided Flowerpecker was also seen nearby but kept himself in the thick foliage.

Little Pied Flycatcatcher

It certainly has a very broad/thick brow.

Many birds here have bands on their legs. Saw one Grey-throated Babbler with a metal band as well. Despite so many leg bands, there are still little info/literature available on some of these birds.

Cute little ones.

Silau Silau Trail

There were several unmarked trails along the way before "silau-silau" but since i was not familiar with them, i just skipped those trails. Most of the trails were peaceful and void of humans which make me wanted to run naked inside those trails. But then i was afraid that the Mountain GODS may not like what they see ! Further more i do not wish to cause another earthquake in Ranau. As i descent further down, there were less birds seen. Most of the birds on this trip were confined high up on the tree tops.

This Gray Wagtail  in contrary, was not too shy to show itself by the roadside.

Gray Wagtail

Finally i reached the 'Silau-Silau' trail.

One of the most decent trail you can ever find here. It was well kept and it looks just like your garden. Things were quite quiet inside this trail though, probably due to the fact that it was already 12.45pm when i reached here.

Mountain  Leaf Warbler

This warbler was seen at the roadside and not inside the trail. There are no photo editing software in the market that could ever change the color of its plumage. This is the Ssp: Phylloscopus trivirgatus kinabaluensis.

There were a few of them foraging just above me.

Liwagu Restaurant to Park HQ

By the time i reached here, i have covered almost 4.5 km. I wished i could just roll down the mountain like humpty dumpty. I can see my legs behind me as they have refused to move. Then came a nice Liwagu restaurant staff (a lady) who pointed to me and said "itu helang kan?" (is that an eagle?). Unfortunately i have forgotten her name but i wished to thank her for spotting this uncommon raptor for me. 

Rufous Bellied Eagle

This was a subadult Rufous Bellied Eagle as pointed out to me by local birding experts. This eagle usual breeding season is reported to be from November/December.

It was seen circling around and did not utter any calls. Suddenly it moved its tail left and right as though it wish to say goodbye to me (see above photo). The mountain Gods must have sent it down to wish me "Au Revoir".

It then flew across for one last time as it headed back to the mountains.
Note: the last official sighting record in this location was in 1984 (ref: eBird data).

As i reached the HQ area,  i saw several swifts flying overhead.

Glossy Swiflet

They turned out to be some glossy swiftlets, as depicted by the light green sheen on its back which can be seen from the above photo.

Another feature is that its throat and breast area is more brownish and have darker shaft streaks as shown from the above photo.

The final bird seen was this "Ashy Drongo". 

Ashy Drongo

There were a few variants as described by the literature and from the color of its face features, this Ashy Drongo is probably not a migrant. Interestingly this drongo was not spotted at higher altitude, for example at the "Liwagu trail". 

Summary

I also saw a few birding couples mainly foreigners who were busy looking for birdies too and if you happened to be a spouse to one, here are some interesting books which you might want to bring along during a trip with your spouse:

On the 1st day of the trip

Try reading: "After You" (by Joyo Moyes)

On the 2nd day of the trip

Try reading: "The Missing Husband" (by Amanda Brooke)

On the 3rd day of the trip

Try reading: "I Sold Your Ferrari" (by Robin Sharma) - pun intended !

Despite my aching muscles and the fact that i missed out on several common resident birds such as "Indigo Flycatcher", "Mountain Blackeye", "Golden-naped Barbet" (despite calling just above my head), and the much sort after "Whitehead's Trogon", "Fruithunter", "Mountain Blackbird", "Whitehead's Broadbill", "Everett's Thrush", "Crimson-headed Partridge" etc, overall it was an amazing trip. I saw and heard a total of 22 bird species with several remained unidentified.

That was my story and birding adventure at this majestic mountain. 

HAPPY BIRDING !